DNK-analiza: Ali sem sploh še Slovenec?

Vsak se je vsaj enkrat v življenju vprašal, kdo so bili njegovi predniki. Odgovor lahko dobimo z gradnjo družinskega drevesa. Druga možnost pa vpogled v lasten DNK s pomočjo njegove analize. Le kaj je odgovor na moje vprašanje v naslovu?

Bliža se dan spomina na mrtve. To je dan, na katerega se še dodatno spomnimo naših bližnjih, ki so nas zapustili in odšli s tega sveta. Je pa tudi dan, primeren za krepitev zavedanja, da moramo biti hvaležni svojim prednikom, da smo danes tukaj in sedaj. Ne glede na to, kdo so naši predniki, moramo biti na vse ponosni in jih spoštovati.

Kdor ne časti svojih prednikov, ne zasluži biti njihov naslednik.
A. M. Slomšek

V zadnjem času intenzivno raziskujem svoje prednike. Sem sicer še začetnik na področju rodoslovja, a o tem kdaj drugič.

Rodoslóvje ali genealogíja je pomožna zgodovinska veda, ki proučuje in zasleduje družinsko poreklo. To vključuje imena živih in preminulih sorodnikov, zakonske zveze in odnose. Z uporabo pisnih in ustnih virov pridemo do družinskega drevesa. Vir: Wikipedia

Seveda pa sem se lotil tudi bližnjice. Opravil sem DNK-analizo, saj sem želel izvedeti, katere etnične pripadnosti se skrivajo v moji DNK. Na spletu boste našli različne ponudnike DNK-analize. Med najpopularnejšimi (in podprtimi s strani stroke) pa so: MyHeritage, 23andMe, FamilyTree DNA, Living DNA in Ancestry DNA. Za Evropejce sta največkrat priporočljiva MyHeritage in FamilyTree DNA.

Sam sem poskusil MyHeritage, 23andMe in FamilyTree DNA. DNK-analiza  traja od 4-7 tednov. Odvisno tudi od časa pošiljanja. Cene pa se gibljejo od 60 € naprej. Seveda odvisno od časa nakupa. Če se odločate, svetujem, da kupite v času praznikov, saj so popusti tudi do 20 €. Seveda nisem vse tri komplete kupil naenkrat, ampak sem spremljal akcije in s tem bistveno prihranil. Trenutno poteka akcija na MyHeritage (še tri dni).

Naprej sem poskusil MyHeritage, test priporočam, če vas zanimajo etnične pripadnosti prednikov in želite s pomočjo aplikacije poiskati sorodnike, s katerimi vas veže DNK. Seveda morajo ti (neodkriti) sorodniki prav tako opraviti DNK-analizo. Organizacija ponuja avtosomni DNK-test. Temeljni na dedovanju avtosomnih kromosov, ki jih prejmemo preko staršev od prednikov. S pomočjo testa prejmete deleže (procente), katerim etničnim skupina pripadate. Govorimo o časovni oddaljenosti do nekje 500 let nazaj. Seveda pa ne izveste ničesar, od katerega starša ste kaj podedovali. Prednost ponudnika MyHeritage je, da ponujajo tudi iskanje sorodnikov do vključno 5. kolena. Lahko pa tudi gradite vaše družinsko drevo – ponudnik ima podkrepljeno bazo že vsebovanih prednikov. Tako lahko najdete tudi ljudi, ki se ukvarjajo z rodoslovjem in so že popisali kakšnega vašega prednika. Tako ne boste samo spoznavali vaših sorodnikov, za katere še niste vedeli, ampak tudi ljudi, ki popisujejo svoje prednike – s tem si lahko prihranite nekaj začetnih korakov raziskovanja.

Vsi ostali ponudniki tudi ponujajo avtosomni test, vendar pa lahko izveste še več. Na primer izvor vaše materne linije (preko mitohodrijske DNK-analize) oz. (če ste moškega spola) izvor vaše očetovske linije (preko Y-kromosomske DNK-analize). Na ta način izveste haplotip vaših direktno ženskih oz. direktno moških prednikov. Govorimo o časovni dobi 10 000 in več let nazaj. Ponudnik 23andMe je bistvenejše cenovno dostopen in ponujajo veliko informacij (opravijo vse tri teste), med tem ko je FamilyTree DNA bistveno dražja, če želite opraviti poleg avtosomnega testa še druge teste. Zato sem za preverjanje verodostojnosti opravil samo mitohodrijsko DNK-analizo.V tem prispevku želim povzeti  le avtosomne teste.

Prednosti DNK-analize niso samo, da prejmete povratno informacijo o vaših prednikih, ampak lahko podatke naložite na druge ponudnike in tako prihranite denar – svoje podatke sem naložil še na Living DNA, GEDmatch in DNA.land. Seveda je bilo to povsem brezplačno. Hkrati pa sem tudi rezultate MyHeritage naložil na FamilyTree DNA portal (in obratno) in prav tako tudi s ponudnikom 23andMe. Na tak način sem dobil različne interpretacije treh ponudnikov.

Sedaj pa je čas za rezultate. V tem prispevku bom objavil samo izsledke avtosomne analize moje DNK pri ponudniku MyHeritage in FamilyTree DNA. Ne bom operiral s številkami, saj v tem trenutku niso pomembne. Zato bom predstavil le grafične podatke in povzetke.

Rezultati MyHeritage
Rezultati MyHeritage

Oba testa sta pokazala izredno pripadnost vzhodnoevropski etnični pripadnosti, kar bi lahko pomenilo, da so moji predniki prišli na današnje ozemlje v 2. valu priselitve Slovanov. Takoj za vzhodnoevropsko etnično pripadnost so izrazite baltska, britanska in skandinavska etnična pripadnost. MyHeritage je zaznal preko 22 % skandinavske etnične pripadnosti. Nato sledi germanska etnična pripadnost in nato še balkanska etnična pripadnost (okoli 10 %). Za odtenek (nekaj procentov) se pojavita še italijanska in iberska.

Rezultati FamilyTree DNA
Rezultati FamilyTree DNA

Zelo zanimivo in tudi presenetljivo. Pričakoval sem, da imam v sebi slovanske (vzhodne in balkanske) korenine, nisem pa se zavedal, da imam skandinavske, britanske in iberske prednike. Seveda bi lahko rekli, da so testi vprašljivi, ampak sem surove podatke (kot sem že omenil) naložil na brezplačne aplikacije, ki so potrdile etnične pripadnosti – res pa je, da so se odstotki razlikovali, ampak vse to so spekulacije. Zanimalo me je in dobil sem odgovor. Sicer pa nisem ostal pri tem. Testirali so se tudi moji družinski člani in tudi moj stari oče in tudi njihovi testi potrjujejo moje izsledke. Tudi o tem kdaj drugič.

In odgovor na moje začetno vprašanje? Seveda sem Slovenec. Rojen sem bil v Sloveniji (takrat še znotraj Jugoslavije). Imam državljanstvo. Govorim slovensko. Čutim se Slovenca. Ko zaigra himna, me vedno znova in znova preplavijo mravljinci. To je naša pripadnost. Seveda pa so državne meje samo umetne meje za lažji nadzor. Etnične pripadnosti pa ne poznajo meja. Na vse zadnje Slovenija leži na zelo dobri geopolitični lokaciji. Zato smo vedno bili vključeni v vojne, naselitve in priselitve. Samo poglejte, kdo vse je vladal našim deželam. Verjetno »avtohtono« prebivalstvo ni živelo v karanteni, ampak se je zagotovo tuj DNK dotaknil domačega. Naslednjič pa naprej …

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