Izvor mojega DNK: Kijevski Rusi

Kijevski Rusi, ki jim pogovorno tudi rečemo slovanski Vikingi, so prebivalci stare srednjeveške države, ki ji danes rečemo Kijevska Rusija. Glede na zgodovinarje pa naj bi prvi kijevski vladar Rurik bil ravno potomec Vikingov. Glede na to, da imam v DNK-ju vzorce, značilne za Kijevske Ruse, potem je morda to še dokaz več o mojih vikinških prednikih. Še več, potrjeno skupek DNK si delim s kar dvema potomcema Rurika, ustanovitelja in velikega kneza Kijevske Rusije. Več pa v nadaljevanju.

Kijevska Rusija je opredeljena kot srednjeveška vzhodnoslovanska država, ki je nastala leta 882 in je obstajala do sredine 13. stoletja. Po virih sodeč naj bi jo ustanovili knezi kijevske rodbine Poljani in skandinavski trgovci Varjagi (imenovani tudi Rusini). Zlata doba Kijevske Rusije je bila v času vladanja Vladimirja Velikega (980–1015) in njegovega sina Jaroslava I. Modrega (1019–1054) – takrat so sprejeli tudi krščanstvo. Glede na vire naj bi bili prvi vladarji Kijevske Rusije pripadniki skandinavske vojaške elite, ki je vladala množici slovanskih podložnikov. Skandinavci (ki so jih opredeljevali za Vikinge) so se postopoma asimilirali med slovansko prebivalstvo, tako da je tretji znani vladar, Rurikov vnuk Svjatoslav I., že imel slovansko ime. Državo pa so dokončno uničili Mongoli leta 1240 (Povzeto po Wikipediji).

Če pogledamo gensko sliko mojega DNK, vidimo, da je nekaj delčkov spodaj obarvanih zeleno, kar pomeni, da so v teh delčkih zaznali vzorce značilne tudi za Kijevske Ruse. Zakaj tudi? Namreč označeni delčki so značilni tudi za vikinške vzorce DNK. Morda pa je moj DNK med drugim tudi pokazatelj, da se ne reče kar tako Kijevskim Rusom, da so slovanski Vikingi?

Delčki kromosomov, ki si jih delim z DNK-jem pokojnikov, opredeljenih kot Kijevski Rusi. Za vseh pet koščkov je značilno, da so v njih prepoznani tudi vikinški vzorci DNK. Avtor slike: Uroš Ocepek.

Zemljevid v nadaljevanju pa kaže na točno določene posameznike, ki so jih zgodovinarji in arheologi opredelili kot Kijevske Ruse ter si z njimi potrjeno delim vzorce DNK. Če ste prebrali o mojih vikinških vzorcih DNK, potem ste videli na zemljevidu, da se izraz Vikingi iz Krakovske gore pojavijo tudi tam. Zanimivo je, da je en osebek bil prepoznan za Vikinga (glede na spodnji zemljevid), trije pa so označeni kot Kijevski Rusi. Seveda pa na zemljevidu izstopata dva posameznika, ki sta napisana z imenom in priimkom – gre za potomca velikega kneza Rurika.

Moji daljni sorodniki, ki so opredeljeni kot Kijevski Rusi – med njimi tudi dva pripadnika ruriške plemiške družine velikih knezov. Velikost kvadrata nakazuje na bližino/moč potrjenega genskega ujemanja. Avtor slike: Uroš Ocepek.

Poglejmo si natančneje kaj več o Glebu Svytoslavichu in Izjaslavu Ingvarevychu, potomcih velikega kneza Rurika – povzetek družinskega drevesa lahko vidite proti koncu članka.

Gleb Svyatoslavich (ok. 1052 – 30. maj 1078) je bil knez Tmutarakana in Novgoroda Kijevske Rusije. Vladal je Tmutarakanu pod popolno oblastjo svojega očeta Svjatoslava Iaroslaviča, kneza Černigovskega in velikega kneza Kijeva. Iz svoje kneževine ga je dvakrat izgnal bratrančev sin Rostislav Vladimirovič (glede na spodnje drevo gre za Vladimira II Monomakha). Glaba je oče imenoval za novgorodskega kneza leta 1067 ali 1068. Zadušil je upor, ki ga je podtaknil čarovnik/vraž proti mestnemu škofu. Kasneje so ga izgnali iz Novgoroda in ubili so ga Čudovi. Primarna ruska kronika pravi, da je bil Gleb »prijazen do ubogih in gostoljuben do tujcev, goreč do cerkve, topel v veri, miren in poštenega videza«. Gleb je bil umorjen 30. maja 1078 in bil kasneje pokopan v Černigovu v današnji Ukrajini (vir Wikipedia).

Izyaslav Ingvarevych iz Dorogobuža se je rodil približno leta 1180 Ingvarju Yaroslavichu iz Kijeva (c1152-1220) in umrl 31. maja 1223 v bitki pri reki Kalki (1223) – bitka proti Mongolom, v kateri je umrlo kar šest princev/knezov (vir Wikipedia).

Če pogledamo spodnje družinsko drevo, vidimo, da je Gleb Svyatoslavich 7. stric Izyaslavu Ingvarevychu, oziroma Izyaslav je 4xpravnuk Glebovega bratranca Vladimira II Monomakha. Z drevesa pa je tudi razvidno, sem glede na genetsko razdaljo bližje Glebu, kakor Izyaslavu. Glede na to, da oba Rurikova potomca vsebujeta tudi vikinške gene, bi lahko rekli, da si z njima delim tudi vikinške prednike. Zanimivo pa je, da kar nekaj Slovencev, ki je tudi opravilo DNK analizo, ima potrjeno tako vikinške genske vzorce kakor tudi vzorce Kijevskih Rusov. Morda pa smo Slovenci potomci Kijevskih Rusov, ki so se po napadih Mongolov umaknili v naše kraje? Zgolj vzročno posledično sklepanje. Upam, da s pisanjem spodbudim še koga v raziskavo DNK in mi sporoči rezultate. Morda pa lahko na takšnem način rekonstruiramo našo slovensko zgodovino, če je ne moremo iz pisnih virov – že moj DNK kaže na nekaj drugega kot smo se učili v šoli.

Družinsko drevo od začetnika Kijevske Rusije Rurika vse do njegovih dveh potomcev, s katerima si potrjeno delim skupne genske vzorce. Vir: familypedia.wikia.org. Avtor slike: Uroš Ocepek.

Ko sem se pred leti lotil z rodoslovjem, si niti mislil nisem, da bom izvedel toliko o svojih prednikih – še več, tudi predstavljal si nisem, da moja DNK nosi toliko zgodb, ki so z menoj gensko povezane. Kakor rad povem, ne iščem, da sem potomec nekih plemičev, a dovolj pomembno se mi zdi, da je med daljnimi (arheo-)sorodniki tudi precej takšnih, ki so s svojimi dejanji in vrlinami bili drugim in (s prebiranjem zgodb o njih) tudi meni.

Kaj pa vi znate povedati o svojih prednikih?

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