Izvor mojega DNK: Vikingi

Čas je, da ponovno napišem kakšen rodoslovni prispevek. Tokrat bo s področja genetskega rodoslovja, in sicer o mojem genetskem izvoru. Nikoli si ne bi mislil, da so ravno Vikingi del mojega DNK.

Kakor ste prebrali iz uvoda, bom danes govoril o Vikingih. Pa ne toliko z vidika zgodovine, ampak o dejstvu, da mi je analiza DNK pokazala precejšnje ujemanje s posamezniki, ki jih arheologi in zgodovinarji opredeljujejo kot Vikinge. Izsledki, ki jih bom navedel, temeljijo na rezultatih spletne aplikacije MyTrueAncestry, kjer svoj DNK primerjate z DNK arheoloških ostankov pokojnih, ki jih najdejo na različnih izkopaninah.

Ne morem zanikati dejstva, da me Skandinavija privlači že od nekdaj. Začelo se je nekako v srednji šoli, ko smo imeli projekt Moj dom Evropa in je moj razred predstavljal Kraljevino Dansko. Takrat sem se poglobil v odkrivanje Skandinavije, njene zgodovine, nordijske mitologije, vikinške zgodovine. Ko pa je prišla na male zaslone serija Vikingi, pa sem bil pečen z zanimanjem o vikinški zgodovini. Ko sem naredil test DNK pri MyHeritage, mi je aplikacija med etničnimi pripadnostmi opredelila, da je moj DNK podoben DNK-ju Skandinavcem. Ker sem že takrat bil navdušen nad severnimi državami, sem bil prijetno presenečen. Seveda pa sem z neko mero skepse vseeno bil previden – na vse zadnje rodoslovno še nisem našel prednike izven meja današnje Slovenije. Ko sem odkril aplikacijo MyTrueAncestry, pa se mi je odprl nov svet – svet DNK Vikingov.

Delčki kromosomov, ki si jih delim z DNK-jem pokojnikov, opredeljenih kot Vikingi. Avtor slike: Uroš Ocepek.


Glede na zgornjo sliko vidimo, da imam kar nekaj delčkov, ki so opredeljeni kot DNK, skupen potomcem Vikingov. Seveda moramo biti pazljivi pri interpretaciji, saj ni nujno, da gre za prave Vikinge – identifikacija posmrtnih ostankov namreč temelji na načinu pokopa in predmetih, ki so jih našli ob pokojniku. Prav tako pa so vse posameznike tudi primerjali med seboj in so dobili arheo-etnične skupine, zaradi katerih potem lažje opredelimo, katere stare kulture so kulture, zapisane v našem DNK. Glede na število primerov, ki se ujemajo z mojim DNK-jem, pa je moč sklepati, da le moram imeti v DNK nekaj vikinškega. Še več, če pogledamo zemljevid, kje vse so našli ostanke Vikingov, s katerim si delim genskih zapis, lahko še lažje potrdim to tezo.

Seveda boste rekli, da vsi izhajamo iz istih prednikov – če hočete: Adama in Eve, ampak človeštvo se je razvijalo ter širilo po različnih linijah, zato vsak ne more reči, da ima med predniki (dokazano) tudi Vikinge. Vesel sem, da DNK kaže na to tezo – poleg drugih arheoskupin, ki jih bom še opisal v samostojnih člankih.

Moji daljni sorodniki, ki so opredeljeni kot Vikingi. Velikost kvadrata nakazuje na bližino/moč potrjenega genskega ujemanja. Avtor slike: Uroš Ocepek.

Če pogledamo zgornji zemljevid, potem vidimo, da so do sedaj identificirali 17 moj daljnih vikinških arheo-sorodnikov. Glede na analizo DNK je moj genetski zapis bližje švedski veji Vikingov, čeprav je z zgornjega zemljevida razvidno, da si delim koščke DNK tudi z danskimi in islandskimi Vikingi. Morda pa si delim DNK tudi z znamenitim Vikingom Ragnarjem Lothbrokom.

Aplikacija pa je tudi zaznala, da si delim glede na “vikinške korenine” tudi skupne prednike z norveško in švedsko kraljevo družino – seveda gre za skupne prednike stoletja nazaj, pa vendar gre za zelo zanimivo dejstvo. V nadaljevanju bom opisal nekaj najdišč mojih arheo-sorodnikov.

Sigtuna
Mesto Sigtuna leži v vzhodnem delu centralne Švedske in velja za eno prvih mestnih središč v nekoč pomembni prometni vikinški mreži. Leta 980 je mesto je ustanovil kralj Olof Skötkonung (kasneje Erik Zmagovalec). Mesto je služilo kot uradno upravno središče, kasneje pa je postalo tudi pomembna osrednja točka za širjenje krščanstva na Švedskem. Posameznik stg021, s katerim si delim precejšnji delež DNK, je bil najden na cerkvenem pokopališču sv. Jere/Gertrude, cerkev je bila v 13. stoletju porušena. Je pa zanimivo dejstvo, da naj bi bilo (glede na DNK) za posameznika značilno, da naj bi imel svetle lase in modre oči (vir: MyTrueAncestry).

Pokol na dan Sv. Brikcija
Pokol na dan svetega Brikcija je poboj danskih Vikingov 13. novembra leta 1002, ki ga je naročil kralj Æthelred kot odgovor na pogoste danske/vikinške napade. Okostja več kot 30 mlajših mož so bila najdena v okolici kolidža v Oxfordu leta 2008. Raziskovalci pravijo, da gre ravno za žrtve omenjenega pokola (vir: Wikipedia) – med najdenimi vikinškimi posmrtnimi ostanki je pet oseb, s katerim si delim vikinške korenine.

Kmetija Brattahlid, Grenlandija
Vikinško najdišče na Grenlandiji povezujejo z odpravo Erika Torvaldssona, poznanega kot Erika Rdečega, ki je emigriral na Islandijo, potem ko so njegovega očeta Thorvalda Asvaldssona izgnali zaradi umora. Erikova družina naj bi se naselila na severnem fjordu. Njegovi hlapci naj bi sprožili plaz na sosedovem posestvu, za kar se je maščeval njegov sosed, nato pa je še Erik maščeval smrt njegovih hlapcev. Zaradi slednjega je bil Erik obsojen in bil izgnan z Islandije. Namesto da bi se vrnil na Norveško, od koder je bil prej izgnan njegov oče, se je Erik odločil za plovbo proti zahodu. Legenda pravi, da se je naselil ravno na južnem delu Grenlandije (vir: MyTrueAncestry). Izmed analiziranih posmrtnih ostankov 8 oseb, se ena oseba moškega spola genetsko ujema z mojim DNK. Aplikacija pravi, da sem 96 % bližje kot večina ostalih uporabnikov aplikacije.

Tisti, ki poznate zgodovino s tega področja, pa boste zagotovo vprašali, kaj pa če gre za Kijevske Ruse – slovanske Vikinge? Glede na zgornje ugotovljene posameznike, naj ne bi šlo za Kijevske Ruse. Lahko pa potrdim, da imam gensko ujemanje tudi s posamezniki, ki so jih opredelili kot Kijevske Ruse. O tem pa naslednjič. Skål!

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